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Chronic insomnia is a common sleep disorder in clinic. It is a frequent and persistent difficulty in sleep initiation, maintenance and termination, leading to different degrees of functional impairment during daytime awakening. Although its pathogenesis is still not completely clear, some people have proposed neurobiological and psychological models, and more and more people begin to pay attention to the study of immune factors and genetic factors. The immune system mainly includes immune organs, immune cells and immune molecules, which help organisms maintain their homeostasis and normal life activities. There are intricate relations between sleep and immune system. Chronic insomnia can affect the function of immune system, and immune disorder may in turn lead to chronic insomnia. This paper discusses the changes of immune system in patients with chronic insomnia, and the influence of immune system changes on patients with chronic insomnia, as well as the research progress of the correlation between chronic insomnia and immune function.
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BACKGROUND@#The optimal surgical approach for four-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy remains controversial. The purpose of this study was to compare clinical and radiological outcomes and complications between the anterior and posterior approaches for four-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy.@*METHODS@#A total of 19 patients underwent anterior decompression and fusion and 25 patients underwent posterior laminoplasty and instrumentation in this study. Perioperative information, intraoperative blood loss, clinical and radiological outcomes, and complications were recorded. Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA) score, 36-item short form survey (SF-36) score and cervical alignment were assessed.@*RESULTS@#There were no significant differences in JOA scores between the anterior and posterior group preoperatively (11.6 ± 1.6 vs. 12.1 ± 1.5), immediately postoperatively (14.4 ± 1.1 vs. 13.8 ± 1.3), or at the last follow-up (14.6 ± 1.0 vs. 14.2 ± 1.1) (P > 0.05). The JOA scores significantly improved immediately postoperatively and at the last follow-up in both groups compared with their preoperative values. The recovery rate was significantly higher in the anterior group both immediately postoperatively and at the last follow-up. The SF-36 score was significantly higher in the anterior group at the last follow-up compared with the preoperative value (69.4 vs. 61.7). Imaging revealed that there was no significant difference in the Cobb angle at C2-C7 between the two groups preoperatively (-2.0° ± 7.3° vs. -1.4° ± 7.5°). The Cobb angle significantly improved immediately postoperatively (12.3° ± 4.2° vs. 9.2° ± 3.6°) and at the last follow-up (12.4° ± 3.5° vs. 9.0° ± 2.6°) in both groups compared with their preoperative values (P = 0.00). Three patients had temporary dysphagia in the anterior group and four patients had persistent axial symptoms in the posterior group.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Both the anterior and posterior approaches were effective in treating four-level cervical spondylotic myelopathy in terms of neurological clinical outcomes and radiological features. However, the JOA score recovery rate and SF-36 score in the anterior group were significantly higher. Persistent axial pain could be a major concern when undertaking the posterior approach.
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Humans , Blood Loss, Surgical , Cervical Vertebrae/surgery , Decompression, Surgical , Laminoplasty , Retrospective Studies , Spinal Cord Diseases/surgery , Spinal Fusion , Spondylosis/surgery , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
It was widely known that retinoic acid inducible gene I (RIG-I) functions as a cytosolic pattern recognition receptor that initiates innate antiviral immunity by detecting exogenous viral RNAs. However, recent studies showed that RIG-I participates in other various cellular activities by sensing endogenous RNAs under different circumstances. For example, RIG-I facilitates the therapy resistance and expansion of breast cancer cells and promotes T cell-independent B cell activation through interferon signaling activation by recognizing non-coding RNAs and endogenous retroviruses in certain situations. While in hepatocellular carcinoma and acute myeloid leukemia, RIG-I acts as a tumor suppressor through either augmenting STAT1 activation by competitively binding STAT1 against its negative regulator SHP1 or inhibiting AKT-mTOR signaling pathway by directly interacting with Src respectively. These new findings suggest that RIG-I plays more diverse roles in various cellular life activities, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, than previously known. Taken together, the function of RIG-I exceeds far beyond that of a pattern recognition receptor.
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Animals , Mice , DEAD Box Protein 58 , Genetics , Metabolism , RNA, Viral , Genetics , Metabolism , STAT1 Transcription Factor , Genetics , Metabolism , Signal Transduction , Genetics , PhysiologyABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the performance of automated blood cell analysis parameters for differential diagnosis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and aplastic anemia (AA).Methods Data of automatic blood cell analysis parameters at diagnosis of confirmed patients with MDS and AA from December 2002 to February 2011 in Peking University Shenzhen Hospital were retrospectively reviewed.Results 33 cases of MDS and 36 cases of AA were recruited in this study.Based on the evaluable data,mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) (328.58 ± 17.24 g/L vs 342.47±18.75 g/L,n=33/36) was significantly lower (P=0.002 1),while monocyte percentage (MONO％) (11.48±9.99 vs 6.94±2.50,n=32/34),platelet distribution width (PDW％) (13.51±4.24 vs 10.62±3.68,n=20/22) and platelet hematocrit (PCT％)(0.11 ±0.10 vs 0.04±0.07,n=11/15) were markedly higer (all P＜0.05) in patients with MDS than that of AA.No significantly differences for other blood cell analysis parameters were seen between patients with MDS and AA.Under the condition of best cut-off value,areas under the ROC curve of MCHC,MONO％,PDW and PCT were 0.706 (95％ confidence interval:0.584～0.809),0.666 (0.540～0.778),0.668 (0.506～0.805) and 0.745 (0.538～0.894) respectively.MONO％ and MCHC had high specificities (97.06％ and 88.89％) and positive predictive values (93.3％ and 80.0％) for differential diagnosis of MDS from AA.Conclusion MONO％ and MCHC may be used as simple indicators for differential diagnosis of MDS and AA.
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Research progress ofpolysorbate 80 was summarized,including standards,chemical composition and impurity test.Assay methods of polysorbate 80 in preparations were also summarized.In addition,characteristics of the current technologies were discussed.Compositions of polysorbate 80 could be detected directly by spectrophotometry,SEC-ELSD or LC-MS methods.In addition,they could be analyzed indirectly by determing the hydrolysates with HPLC-UV or GC methods.In recent years,remarkable progress has been achieved in chemical composition determination and impurity test ofpolysorbate 80.But assay method of the excipient in related drugs need further study,due to large difference between purities ofpolysorbate 80 raw materials.
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Research progress ofpolysorbate 80 was summarized,including standards,chemical composition and impurity test.Assay methods of polysorbate 80 in preparations were also summarized.In addition,characteristics of the current technologies were discussed.Compositions of polysorbate 80 could be detected directly by spectrophotometry,SEC-ELSD or LC-MS methods.In addition,they could be analyzed indirectly by determing the hydrolysates with HPLC-UV or GC methods.In recent years,remarkable progress has been achieved in chemical composition determination and impurity test ofpolysorbate 80.But assay method of the excipient in related drugs need further study,due to large difference between purities ofpolysorbate 80 raw materials.
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Objective To analyze the effect of leukotriene receptor antagonist on anti-inflammation and immune function in asthmatic patients .Methods 86 cases of asthma patients in our hospital from August to December 2014 were taken as the research objects ,they were randomly divided into the observation group with 43 cases and the control group with 43 cases ,the control group was treated with conventional therapy plus Seretide ,the observation group was given leukotriene receptor antago-nist-montelukast based on the control group ,two groups were treated for 14 d .The changes of inflammatory factors and im-mune function ,therapeutic effect ,adverse reaction were compared between the two groups after treatment .In the observation group after the treatment ,the IL-6 ,TNF-αand CRP were lower than that in the control group ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .In the observation group after the treatment ,CD4+ and CD4+ /CD8+ were higher than that in the con-trol group ,CD8+ was lower than that in the control group ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .After the treatment in the observation group ,the ACT score was higher than that in the control group ,the total effective rate was higher than that in the control group ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .There was no obvious adverse reaction in the two groups .Conclusion Leukotriene antagonist (montelukast) could play an important role in improving the immune func-tion and anti-inflammation in asthma patients ,which might be an important mechanism to improve the therapeutic effect of asthma .
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Objective@#To explore the related factors for primary hepatic carcinoma (PHC) caused by chronic hepatitis B (CHB) and hepatitis C (CHC).@*Methods@#According to the principle of cross-sectional study, a cluster random sample method was used, a total of 366 chronic hepatitis patients in hospitals were recruited from three provincial tertiary hospitals in Shanxi, Henan and Jilin between July 2016 and October 2016, respectively. Using a self-designed unified questionnaire, face-to-face interviews was conducted on subjects, including sex, age, alcohol consumption, coffee consumption, green tea consumption, fish consumption, smoking, HBV/HCV diagnosis and treatment, diabetes mellitus, family history of PHC (whether PHC in first-degree relatives), etc. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression were performed to identify the related factors for PHC with CHB and CHC. According to the clinical diagnosis the patients were divided into a chronic hepatitis group (not developing to PHC) and a PHC group.@*Results@#Among 366 cases patients, 287 (78.4%) cases were male, 79 cases were female (21.6%), average age was (52.7±9.3) years. 202 cases were chronic hepatitis group, 164 cases were PHC group. Multivariate unconditional logistics regression analysis indicated that alcohol consumption (odds ratio (OR)=2.11, 95%CI: 1.18-3.75), family history of PHC (OR=5.12, 95%CI: 2.60-10.08) were positively correlated with the development of PHC in chronic b, green tea consumption (OR=0.45, 95%CI: 0.23-0.88), antiviral treatment (OR=0.19, 95%CI: 0.11-0.32) were negatively correlated. Alcohol consumption (OR=3.98, 95%CI: 1.14-13.85) was positively correlated with the development of PHC in chronic c, antiviral treatment (OR=0.14, 95%CI: 0.04-0.50) was negatively correlated.@*Conclusion@#Alcohol consumption, family history of PHC, green tea consumption and antiviral treatment were the related factors for the development of PHC in chronic hepatitis b. Alcohol consumption and antiviral treatment were the related factors for the development of PHC in chronic hepatitis c.
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Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of rapid hepatitis B vaccination with different vaccine dosages and types in adults.Methods Adults who were aged ≥20 years,negative in the detections of 5 HBV serum markers or only anti-HBc positive were selected from Chaoyang district of Beijing.They were divided into 4 community-based specific groups and given three doses of 10 μ g HepB-SCY vaccine,20 μ g HepB-SCY vaccine,20 μ g HepB-CHO vaccine and 10 μ g HepB-HPY vaccine respectively at month 0,1,and 2.Their blood samples were collected within 1-2 months after completing the three dose vaccination to test anti-HBs level by using chemiluminesent microparticle immunoassay.A face to face questionnaire survey was conducted,and x2 test,Mantel-Haensel x2 test,Kruskal-Wallis rank test and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed.Results A total of 1 772 participants completed vaccination and observation.Their average age was 48.5 years,and 62.75％ of them were females.The anti-HBs positive rates in the groups of 10 μg HepB-SCY,20 μg HepB-SCY,20 μg HepB-CHO and 10 μg HepB-HPY vaccines were 79.49％,84.34％,82.50％ and 74.15％,respectively (P=0.005),and the geometric mean titers (GMT) were 39.53 mIU/ml,62.37 mIU/ml,48.18 mIU/ml and 33.64 mIU/ml respectively (P=0.025).The overall anti-HBs positive rate and GMT were 79.01％ and 41.18 mIU/ml.The anti-HBs GMT of 4 groups declined with age.The differences in anti-HBs GMT among 4 groups minimized with age.The result of logistic modeling indicated that vaccine type and dosage,age and smoking were associated with anti-HBs statistically after controlling the variables of "only anti-HBc positive or not" and "history of hepatitis B vaccination".Conclusion Hepatitis B vaccination at dosage of 20 tg based on 0-1-2 month rapid schedule could achieved anti-HBs positive rates ＞80％ in middle aged and old people,which can be used as supplement of 0-1-6 month routine schedule.
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Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of rapid hepatitis B vaccination with different vaccine dosages and types in adults.Methods Adults who were aged ≥20 years,negative in the detections of 5 HBV serum markers or only anti-HBc positive were selected from Chaoyang district of Beijing.They were divided into 4 community-based specific groups and given three doses of 10 μ g HepB-SCY vaccine,20 μ g HepB-SCY vaccine,20 μ g HepB-CHO vaccine and 10 μ g HepB-HPY vaccine respectively at month 0,1,and 2.Their blood samples were collected within 1-2 months after completing the three dose vaccination to test anti-HBs level by using chemiluminesent microparticle immunoassay.A face to face questionnaire survey was conducted,and x2 test,Mantel-Haensel x2 test,Kruskal-Wallis rank test and multiple logistic regression analysis were performed.Results A total of 1 772 participants completed vaccination and observation.Their average age was 48.5 years,and 62.75％ of them were females.The anti-HBs positive rates in the groups of 10 μg HepB-SCY,20 μg HepB-SCY,20 μg HepB-CHO and 10 μg HepB-HPY vaccines were 79.49％,84.34％,82.50％ and 74.15％,respectively (P=0.005),and the geometric mean titers (GMT) were 39.53 mIU/ml,62.37 mIU/ml,48.18 mIU/ml and 33.64 mIU/ml respectively (P=0.025).The overall anti-HBs positive rate and GMT were 79.01％ and 41.18 mIU/ml.The anti-HBs GMT of 4 groups declined with age.The differences in anti-HBs GMT among 4 groups minimized with age.The result of logistic modeling indicated that vaccine type and dosage,age and smoking were associated with anti-HBs statistically after controlling the variables of "only anti-HBc positive or not" and "history of hepatitis B vaccination".Conclusion Hepatitis B vaccination at dosage of 20 tg based on 0-1-2 month rapid schedule could achieved anti-HBs positive rates ＞80％ in middle aged and old people,which can be used as supplement of 0-1-6 month routine schedule.
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Objective To observe the difference of retinal vessel oxygen saturation in glaucoma and normal eyes.Methods A cross sectional study design was performed.Fifty eyes of 30 glaucoma patients (glaucoma group) and 41 eyes of 27 age-and sex-matched healthy subjects (control group) were included.Retinal vessel oxygen saturation was measured with a spectrophotometric retinal oximeter in darkness and visual fields were obtained by Humphrey filed analyzer.The glaucoma eyes were divided into two groups:mean defect (MD) ＜6 dB (28 eyes) and MD≥6 dB (22 eyes) according to mean defect of visual field.Results Retinal arteriolar oxygen saturation values in glaucoma group and control group were (94.52 ±6.51) ％ and (93.47±6.30) ％ respectively.No statistical difference was found in retinal oxygen saturation in arterioles (H =-0.949,P =0.343).Retinal venous oxygen saturation values in glaucoma group and control group were (57.57 ± 7.96)％ and (52.60 ± 7.70) ％ respectively.The retinal venous oxygen saturation values in glaucoma group was higher than that in control group (H=-3.318,P=0.001).The retinal arteriovenous difference in glaucoma group and control group were (36.59± 4.69)％ and (42.41 ±6.73) ％ respectively.The retinal arteriovenous difference in glaucoma group was lower than that in control group (H=-4.148,P＜0.01).The retinal arteriolar oxygen saturation values in glaucoma eyes with MD＜6 dB and MD≥6 dB were (93.38 ± 6.33)％ and (95.71 ± 6.54)％ respectively,with no statistical difference (H=-1.857,P=0.063).Retinal venous oxygen saturation values in glaucoma eyes with MD＜6 dB and MD≥6 dB were (54.83 ± 6.10) ％ and (6 1.07 ± 8.79) ％ respectively.The retinal venous oxygen saturation values in MD≥ 6 dB glaucoma eyes was higher than that in MD＜ 6 dB glaucoma eyes (H =-2.599,P=0.009).The retinal arteriovenous difference in glaucoma eyes with MD＜6 dB and MD≥6 dB were (38.12± 4.34) ％ and (34.64 ± 4.49) ％ respectively.The retinal arteriovenous difference in MD≥6 dB glaucoma eyes was lower than that in MD＜6 dB glaucoma eyes (H=-2.463,P＜0.05).Conclusions Compared with healthy eyes,there is no change in the retinal arteriolar oxygen saturation,but the retinal venous oxygen saturation is higher and the retinal arteriovenous difference is lower.This feature is more obvious in MD≥6 dB glaucoma eyes.
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Thymosin β4 (Tβ4) is a key factor in cardiac development, growth, disease, epicardial integrity, blood vessel formation and has cardio-protective properties. However, its role in murine embryonic stem cells (mESCs) proliferation and cardiovascular differentiation remains unclear. Thus we aimed to elucidate the influence of Tβ4 on mESCs. Target genes during mESCs proliferation and differentiation were detected by real-time PCR or Western blotting, and patch clamp was applied to characterize the mESCs-derived cardiomyocytes. It was found that Tβ4 decreased mESCs proliferation in a partial dose-dependent manner and the expression of cell cycle regulatory genes c-myc, c-fos and c-jun. However, mESCs self-renewal markers Oct4 and Nanog were elevated, indicating the maintenance of self-renewal ability in these mESCs. Phosphorylation of STAT3 and Akt was inhibited by Tβ4 while the expression of RAS and phosphorylation of ERK were enhanced. No significant difference was found in BMP2/BMP4 or their downstream protein smad. Wnt3 and Wnt11 were remarkably decreased by Tβ4 with upregulation of Tcf3 and constant β-catenin. Under mESCs differentiation, Tβ4 treatment did not change the expression of cardiovascular cell markers α-MHC, PECAM, and α-SMA. Neither the electrophysiological properties of mESCs-derived cardiomyocytes nor the hormonal regulation by Iso/Cch was affected by Tβ4. In conclusion, Tβ4 suppressed mESCs proliferation by affecting the activity of STAT3, Akt, ERK and Wnt pathways. However, Tβ4 did not influence the in vitro cardiovascular differentiation.
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Animals , Mice , Cell Cycle , Genetics , Cell Differentiation , Cell Movement , Cell Proliferation , Dose-Response Relationship, Drug , Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases , Genetics , Metabolism , Gene Expression Regulation , JNK Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases , Genetics , Metabolism , Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells , Cell Biology , Metabolism , Myocytes, Cardiac , Cell Biology , Metabolism , Nanog Homeobox Protein , Genetics , Metabolism , Octamer Transcription Factor-3 , Genetics , Metabolism , Patch-Clamp Techniques , Primary Cell Culture , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt , Genetics , Metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-fos , Genetics , Metabolism , Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-myc , Genetics , Metabolism , STAT3 Transcription Factor , Genetics , Metabolism , Signal Transduction , Thymosin , PharmacologyABSTRACT
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of progesterone (P4)-induced microRNA-1a (miR-1a) on the proliferation of endometrial epithelial cells (EECs) and the underlying mechanism. In vivo, following subcutaneous injection of estradiol (E2) alone (E2 group) or combined injections of E2 and P4 (E2P4 group) in ovariectomized mice, quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to check the expression of miR-1a-3p in the directly isolated mouse EECs. The agomir or antagomir specific for miR-1a-3p was injected into one side of the uterine horns of ovariectomized mice pretreated with E2 alone or in combination with P4, and the non-specific control agomir or antagomir was injected into their contralateral horns. Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle of EECs. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to examine the location and expression of cyclin D2, cyclin E1, and cyclin E2 in the uterine tissue sections. In vitro, primary cultured mouse EECs were pretreated with E2 alone (E2 group) or in combination with P4 (E2P4 group). qPCR was used to detect the expression of miR-1a-3p. Exogenous mimic of miR-1a-3p was transfected into E2-pretreated EECs, and EdU incorporation analysis was used to test the proliferation activity of the EECs. The result of in vivo experiment showed that the expression of miR-1a-3p in E2P4 group was significantly higher than that in E2 group (P < 0.05). The miR-1a-3p agomir arrested cell cycle at G1 to S transition in the mice injected subcutaneously with E2 alone (P < 0.05). Conversely, silencing of miR-1a-3p with transfection of miR-1a-3p antagomir promoted the entry of cells into S phase in the mice injected subcutaneously with both E2 and P4 (P < 0.05). The expressions of cyclin E1 and cyclin E2, except for cyclin D2, in uterine sections were also dramatically reduced by miR-1a-3p overexpression in the uterine epithelium (P < 0.05). In vitro, miR-1a-3p was not expressed in the cells of both E2 and E2P4 groups. The mimic of miR-1a-3p decreased EECs proliferation activity (P < 0.05). These results indicate that P4-induced miR-1a can inhibit the expression of cyclin E1 and cyclin E2, consequently suppressing the proliferation of mouse EECs by arresting cells at G1/S phase.
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Animals , Female , Mice , Cell Cycle , Cell Division , Cell Proliferation , Cells, Cultured , Epithelial Cells , Estradiol , MicroRNAs , Progesterone , Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction , Transfection , UterusABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the clinical significance of the level of adiponectin (APN) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD).Methods The case-control study involving APN in OSAHS were searched and identified from Cochrane Library,PubMed,Embase,China Academic Journals Full-text database,VIP Database,and Full text database of China' s.According to inclusion and exclusion criteria,evaluated the quality of choice experiment,and then extracted the valid data for meta-analysis.Results Seven articles were selected,including 2 in SCI,5 in Chinese.Meta analysis showed that APN in acute exacerbation COPD group was significantly higher than in COPD group (standardized mean difference (SMD) =2.32,95％CI=0.62-4.02,P＜0.05).Compared with normal control group,APN in COPD was higher (SMD=1.39,95％CI=1.00-1.78,P＜0.01).Determined publication bias by Begg's and Egger's test,the results did not show any bias (P＞ 0.05).Conclusion The serum APN of COPD patients are significantly elevated,the APN testing in some extent reflect the severity of COPD.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the regulative mechanism of the diterpene phenol extract of Rosmarinus Officinalis (DERO) on the imbalance of collagen metabolism of the lung tissue in pulmonary fibrosis rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Fifty healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the normal saline group (NS), the bleomycin-induced lung injury group (BLM), the low dose DERO group (at the daily dose of 50 mg/kg), the moderate dose DERO group (at the daily dose of 100 mg/kg), and the high dose DERO group (at the daily dose of 200 mg/kg), 10 in each group (abbreviated as DERO 1, 2, 3, respectively). The pulmonary fibrosis rat model was prepared by disposable intratracheal instillation of bleomycin. DERO was administered by gastrogavage as intervention during the repairing process of lung injury. On the morning of the 29th day, the rats' lung tissue was extracted. The karyocyte number, collagen protein, type I collagen (collagen I) and transforming growth factor-beta type II receptor (TGFbetaR II), Smad4 mRNA expressions were semi-quantitatively determined using tissue microarray, HE staining, collagen fiber dyeing, immunohistochemical assay, and in situ hybridization. Using real-time fluorescent quantification RT-PCR, the mRNA expression of transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) were detected.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared with the NS group, the collagen deposition of the lung tissue was obvious and the inflammatory infiltration was more severe in the BLM group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). There was no statistical difference in the aforesaid 4 indices between the DERO1 group and the BLM group (P > 0.05). The collagen deposition and the inflammatory infiltration were obviously alleviated in the DERO2 and DERO3 groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the NS group, the mRNA expressions of collagen-I, TGF-beta1 R II, Smad4, and TGF-beta1 were obviously up-regulated in the BLM group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Compared with the BLM group, the aforesaid four indices were not statistically changed in the DERO1 group (P > 0.05). But the mRNA expressions of collagen-I, TGF-beta1 R II, Smad4, and TGF-beta1 were obviously downregulated in the DERO2 and DERO3 groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). But the down-regulation of Smad4 expression was not obvious in the DERO2 and the DERO3 groups (P > 0.05). Compared with the DERO1 group, the mRNA expressions of collagen-I, TGF-beta1, R II, TGFbeta1 were all obviously lower in the DERO2 and the DERO3 groups (P < 0.05). But there was no statistical difference in the aforesaid 4 indices between the DERO2 group and the DERO3 group (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>DERO could regulate imbalanced collagen metabolism of pulmonary fibrosis. It could inhibit excessive deposition of collagen fibers, especially excessive deposition of collagen- I. Its mechanisms might be realized by inhibiting up-regulation of TGF-beta1 and TGFbetaR II mRNA expressions, thus interfering the activation of TGF-beta-Smad signaling pathway on target genes, especially on type I procollagen target gene.</p>
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Animals , Female , Male , Rats , Collagen Type I , Metabolism , Diterpenes , Pharmacology , Lung , Metabolism , Plant Extracts , Pharmacology , Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases , Metabolism , Pulmonary Fibrosis , Metabolism , RNA, Messenger , Genetics , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Receptors, Transforming Growth Factor beta , Metabolism , Rosmarinus , Chemistry , Signal Transduction , Transforming Growth Factor beta1 , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective: By analyzing the three variables relationship of GDP, total health expenditure and physical capital input, to provide basis for health economic policy and distribution system reform in China. Methods: Using the data from 1978 to 2011, the VAR model of the dynamic relationship is established. Results: The establishment of VAR model is stable by unit root test, there is Granger relation between the 3 variables, the result of the impulse response function is obtained that GDP will increase the input of health costs and physical capital, and physical capital and health expenditure have a reverse relation. Conclusion: Total health expenditure has greater effect on economic growth compared with physical capital, the government should allocate health costs, improve social benefits from the prospective of improving the quality of workers to promote economic growth.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To evaluate the benefit and safety of fluorouracil implants on colorectal cancer.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Based on the methods of Cochrane systematic reviews, databases including CBM(1982 to March 2011), CNKI(1911 to March 2011), EMBASE(1966 to March 2011), and Medline(1950 to March 2011) were searched to identify randomized controlled trials assessing the benefit of fluorouracil implants on colorectal cancer. The quality of the included studies was assessed using the Cochrane's tool for assessing bias. RevMan5.0 was used for meta-analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Sixteen studies were included(n=1223). The quality of included studies was moderate. Fluorouracil implants could reduce the 2-year mortality(RR=0.33. 95% CI:0.18-0.59), 2-year metastasis rate(RR=0.35, 95% CI: 0.19-0.66), and 2-year recurrence rate(RR=0.48, 95% CI:0.36-0.65). There were no significant differences in complications and adverse effects between fluorouracil implants and the control group.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Current evidence demonstrates that fluorouracil implants may modestly improve the outcome of colorectal cancer patients without increasing its adverse events. However, the results should be interpreted with caution due to the risk of bias of included studies.</p>
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Humans , Antineoplastic Agents , Therapeutic Uses , Colorectal Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Fluorouracil , Therapeutic Uses , Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic , Treatment OutcomeABSTRACT
Background The surgery for femtosecond laser created laser in situ keratomileusis(LASIK)flaps has made great progression recent year,but the postoperative corneal wound healing and regeneration of nerve fibers after surgery are closely concerned.Objective This study was to compare and analyze the clinical outcomes between FEMTO LDV femtosecond laser flap and mechanical microkeratome Hansatome flap in LASIK.Methods A prospective case-controlled study was designed.The serial 38 myopic eyes of 38 patients were included from March through July,2010 in Henan Armed Police Force General Hospital.The patients were randomized into FEMTO LDV femtosecond laser assisted flap group(20 patients/20 eyes)and mechanical microkeratome Hansatome assisted flap group(18 patients/18 eyes)with the matched age,gender and refraction of spherical equivalent.HRT Ⅲ examinations were performed before surgery,1 week,1 month and 3 months after surgery to compare the morphological changes atthe center and margin of the flaps,and evaluate the similarities and differences of cellular morphology after surgery between the two approaches.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to this medical trial.Results The best corrected visual acuity was ≥ 1.0 and the refract diopter was similar in both groups(+0.21 D±0.48 D and-0.04 D±0.54 D)1 month after LASIK.The corneal thickness was insignificant increased in the first week after LASIK,and the density of shallow stromal cells was decreased in 1 week,1 month and 3 months compared with pre-operation in the femtosecond laser assisted flap group(t =-27.99,-25.49,-28.87,P ＜ 0.01).In the Hansatome assisted flap group,significantly thickened corneal epithelium was seen in the first week after LASIK compared before LASIK(56.73 μm±2.47 μm versus 51.16 μm±1.11 μm)(t=9.29,P＜0.05),and the density of shallow stromal cells was decreased in 1 week,1 month and 3 months compared with pre-operation in the Hansatome assisted flap group(t =-17.57,-14.13,-19.63,P =0.00).The density of high reflective interface particles in cornea was lower in 1 week,1 month and 3 months after LASIK in the femtosecond laser assisted flap group than that in the Hansatome assisted flap group,showing significant differences between them(t =-13.505,-11.900,-14.084,P＜0.01).The active stromal cells were seen beneath the interface in both groups in the first week and gradually decreased after that time.Intact corneal nerve fibers were found in the femtosecond laser assisted flap group,but those in the Hansatome assisted flap group were shorter and smaller 3 months after LASIK.At 3 months after surgery,the flap margin showed stromal higher reflection and irregular secondary fibrosis in the femtosecond laser assisted flap group,and in contrast,the flap margin had the appearance of a unclearly identified fibrotic scar in the Hansatome assisted flap group.Conclusions Compared with the LASIK and Hansatome assisted flap,the LASIK with FEMTO LDV flap shows earlier nerve fiber regeneration and greater fibrotic scarring,which imply a good wound healing process in the LASIK with FEMTO LDV flap.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the characteristic and effect of cadmium on ATP-activated currents (I(ATP)) mediated by P2X4 purinoceptors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Transcribe cDNA coding for the rat P2X4 receptor to cRNA in vitro. Inject the cRNA to oocytes of an xenopus laevis using the microinjection technique. Reveal the effect of cadmium on I(ATP) mediated by P2X4 receptor using the two-electrode whole-cell voltage clamp technique.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Within a certain concentration range, cadmium was found to reversibly magnify I(ATP) mediated by P2X4 receptors expressed in oocytes of an xenopus. When the concentration of cadmium reached 30 micromol/L, the increase of I(ATP) was the most significant. I(ATP) turned to decrease when the concentration of cadmium was more than 30 micromol/L; (2) The concentration-response curve was shifted to left by applying cadmium at 10 micromol/L; the EC50 was reduced from (17.1 +/- 1.5) micromol/L to (9.8 +/- 1.8) micromol/L (n = 6, P < 0.01) and the Hill coefficient was increased from 1.14 +/- 0.13 to 1.57 +/- 0.36; (3) The effect of cadmium on I(ATP) showed no dependence on membrane voltage; (4) The magnifying effect on I(ATP) reached maximum when preincubating cadmium for 120 seconds.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The increase I(ATP) by cadmium is reversible, concentration-dependent, time-dependent, and voltage-independent. One reason of this augment effect could be the allosteric modulation on P2X4 receptors.</p>
Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Adenosine Triphosphate , Metabolism , Cadmium , Toxicity , Microinjections , Oocytes , Metabolism , Physiology , Receptors, Purinergic P2X4 , Metabolism , Xenopus laevisABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the therapeutic effect of total glucosides of paeony (TGP) on lupus nephritis (LN) in MRL/lpr mice.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>MRL/lpr mice with lupus nephritis were randomized into model group and TGP group. The urinary protein content was detected using Coomassie brilliant blue, and the serum levels of IgG anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies and antinuclear antibodies (ANA) were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The changes in the renal pathology were examined microscopically, and the spleen and thymus were weighed to calculate the spleen and thymus indexes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At 15 and 30 days after TGP administration, the urinary protein content in the TGP group was significantly lower than that in the model group (P<0.05). TGP treatment significantly lowered the serum levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies and ANA and the weight and index of spleen (P<0.05), resulting also in lessened renal pathology at 30 days after the administration. Compared to those before TGP treatment, the urinary protein content and the levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies and ANA decreased significantly at 15 and 30 days after TGP administration (P<0.05), while in the model group, the level of anti-dsDNA increased significantly without obvious changes in urinary protein content or ANA. At 30 days after TGP administration, the urinary protein content was significantly lowered in the TGP group as compared to that at 15 days (P<0.05), but the antibodies showed no significant changes.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>TGP can reduce urinary protein content and serum levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies and ANA, and lessen renal pathology in MRL/lpr mice with lupus nephritis, suggesting its therapeutic effect on lupus nephritis.</p>